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| Strictly anaerobic gram negative bacilli. They are all part of the normal enteric flora. They are all non-invasive organisms which are only pathogenic opportunistically. | |
| Bacteroides fragilis | Bacteroides |
| Fusobacterium | Prevotella |
| The gram negative facultative
bacilli represent by far the most numerous group of clinical bacteria. They
can be separated into four groups. Those which are fastidious. Those
which ferment glucose. Those which do not ferment glucose. Those
which are oxidase positive. These distinctions are useful in the
accurate identification of the organisms, although automation of the
determinations of the biochemical reaction patterns of the gram negative
bacilli have made a rigorous knowledge of specific patterns by a technician
somewhat less important than in the past for those locations where such
automation exists. Where automation exists an isolated colony can be dispersed
in a small amount of solution and placed in a machine which, in most instances,
will deliver both the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and the id results
within about eight hours. Where automation is lacking, a rack of thirty or
forty glass tubes must be inoculated individually as well as a disc sensitivity
plate and incubated overnight to identify the organismand determine its
antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Antigen-antibody reactions in the form of agglutination procedures, enzyme linked immunoassays, and fluorescent antibody techniques have been developed for the identification of bacterial organisms. These have contributed to increased specificity and rapidity in organism identification. Today it is possible for example to identify Bordatella pertussis or B parapertussis directly from a nasopharyngeal swab by FA microscopic procedure in as little as fifteen minutes. Bordet-Gengou? What's that? Often the physician is equally if not more concerned with the antimicrobial susceptibility results than the exact genus and/or species identification for a particular organism. In other cases the physician is interested in genus, specie, and serotype or strain as well. |
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| Gram negative bacilli which are fastidious: | |||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans | Bordetella pertussis | Brucella |
| Campylobacter | Capnocytophaga | Cardiobacterium hominis | Eikenella corrodens |
| Francisella tularensis | Haemophilus ducreyi | Helicobacter pylori | Kingella kingii |
| Legionella pneumophila | Pasteurella multocida | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae, glucose-fermenting gram-negative bacilli | |||
| Citrobacter | Enterobacter | Escherichia coli | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| Proteus | Salmonella enteriditis | Salmonella typhi | Shigella |
| Serratia marcescens | Yersinia enterocolitica | Yersinia pestis | |
| Gram negative bacilli, non-glucose fermenters | |||
| Acinetobacter | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Flavobacterium meningosepticum | |
| Xanthomonas maltophilia | Burkholderia pseudomallei | Burkholderia cepacia | |
| Gram negative bacilli, glucose fermenting, oxidase positive. | |||
| Aeromonas | Plesiomonas shigelloides | Vibrio cholerae | Vibrio parahemolyticus |
| Vibrio vulnificus | |||
| Centers for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov |
National Center for Infectious Diseases http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ |
| Division of Bacterial & Mycotic Diseases http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/ |
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC,
epidemiological trends, clear perspective. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr// |
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