Acinetobacter qualifies for inclusion in a couple of categories of gram negative bacilli. It's also listed here because it doesn't ferment glucose.

Burkholderia pseudomallei, and Burkholderia mallei finally have been given their own genus name. We can thank someone named Walter Burkholder of Cornell University for that. In the past their taxonomic status had been undecided.

Burkholderia mallei causes the disease called glanders.Glanders mainly affects horses, but also in descending order of incidence, donkeys, mules, goats, dogs, and cats can be infected. "Human infection, although not seen in the United States since 1945, has occurred rarely and sporadically among laboratory workers and those in direct and prolonged contact with infected, domestic animals."

"Bloodstream infections: Glanders bloodstream infections are usually fatal within 7 to 10 days. Chronic infections: The chronic form of glanders involves multiple abscesses within the muscles of the arms and legs or in the spleen or liver." "Localized infections: If there is a cut or scratch in the skin, a localized infection with ulceration will develop within 1 to 5 days at the site where the bacteria entered the body. Swollen lymph nodes may also be apparent. Infections involving the mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract will cause increased mucus production from the affected sites." http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/glanders_g.htm

When Burkholderia mallei is isolated and identified from blood, sputum, urine, or skin lesions the diagnosis can be made. Currently there are no serologic tests.

"Burkholderia mallei is usually sensitive to tetracyclines, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, novobiocin, gentamicin, imipenem, ceftrazidime, and the sulfonamides. Resistance to chloramphenicol has been reported." http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/glanders_g.htm

Burkholderia pseudomallei

"Melioidosis, also called Whitmore’s disease, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is clinically and pathologically similar to glanders disease, but the ecology and epidemiology of melioidosis are different from glanders. Melioidosis is predominately a disease of tropical climates, especially in Southeast Asia where it is endemic. The bacteria causing melioidosis are found in contaminated water and soil and are spread to humans and animals through direct contact with the contaminated source. Glanders is contracted by humans from infected domestic animals.""In the United States, confirmed cases range from none to five each year and occur among travelers and immigrants." http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/melioidosis_g.htm

"Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia, with the greatest concentration of cases reported in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), and northern Australia. Additionally, it is seen in the South Pacific, Africa, India, and the Middle East. In many of these countries, Burkholderia pseudomallei is so prevalent that it is a common contaminate found on laboratory cultures. Moreover, it has been a common pathogen isolated from troops of all nationalities that have served in areas with endemic disease."

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/melioidosis_g.htm

Agricultural Use of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia: A Threat to Human Health? "In the past 2 decades, Burkholderia cepacia has emerged as a human pathogen causing numerous outbreaks, particularly among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. One highly transmissible strain has spread across North America and Britain, and another between hospitalized CF and non-CF patients...."http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol4no2/holmes.htm

Burkholderia, (Pseudomonas) cepacia at Summer Camps for Persons with Cystic Fibrosis, " Pseudomonas cepacia (PC) is a multidrug-resistant, gram-negative bacillus that causes chronic colonization and infection of the respiratory tract of persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). PC colonization is usually difficult to eradicate with antimicrobial therapy and, in some patients, infection is associated with rapid decline in pulmonary function, increased hospitalization, and earlier death "http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020832.htm

Flavobacterium meningosepticum

PHIL ID# 1605 Title: Blood agar plate culture of Flavobacterium meningosepticum, closeup. Content Provider(s): CDC/Dr. W.A. Clark.

PHIL ID# 1604 Title: Blood agar plate culture of Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Content Provider(s): CDC/Dr. W.A. Clark.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not as common as for example, E. coli. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa is seen in the laboratory, it puts out a shiny pigment which can also be made to glow in the dark. And in an effort presumably to avoid going unnoticed, gives off a pleasantly appealing fruity fragrance which has been called grapelike. It's sort of like saying, "Hey, here I am again!" Unfortunately in spite of its brazen fanfare the bacterium is not welome. It is a pathogen. It can be invasive. It is resistant to antibiotics and notoriously difficult to get rid of. Any one of these characteristics would make a bacterium unpopular. But this organism has all of them.

PHIL ID# 233 Title: Scanning Electron Micrograph of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Content Provider(s): CDC/ _

In contradistinction to the more common members of the family Enterobacteriacae, which when they are flagellated, posess peritrichous flagella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has flagella which are polar . This can be seen in the EM image as thin green whisps at the ends of the rods.

Xanthomonas maltophilia has an affinity for maltose, as can be seen from its name.

Xanthomonas maltphilia, normal resolution gram stain. Blood culture.

Xanthomonas maltophilia, high magnification gram stain. Blood culture.